what is Pharmacology all about that

There are many routes of administration including oral, parenteral, rectal, transdermal, and implant. Topical routes of administration include dermal, inhalation, intranasal, ophthalmic, otic, and vaginal. Atoms are the most basic unit of matter and are made up of nucleus, protons, neutrons, and electrons. Most drugs are either weak acids or bases (alkaline). The pH scale measures acidic and basic properties of substances. Acids have a pH level below 7, while bases have a pH level higher than 7. Acid molecules donate protons; basic molecules accept protons. When acids and bases come together and exchange protons, remaining molecules become ionized (positive or negative charge). Ionization affects drug activity. Pharmacodynamics – the study of drug receptor theory at the molecular level and how that interaction translates to drug activity on the entire body. Pharmacokinetics – observing and predicting, using a mathematical model to study how a drug enters, moves arounds, and leaves the body. There are four phases of pharmacokinetics: Absorption – the process by which drugs enter the bloodstream Distribution – the process by which drugs move around in the bloodstream and reach other tissues of the body. Metabolism – the process in the body by which drugs are converted to other biochemical compounds, and then excreted through metabolic pathways. Excretion – the process by which drug molecules are removed from the bloodstream; primarily involving the bloodstream.